牙齿发黄、牙面粗糙,喝冰水、吸冷气时敏感刺痛?这可能并非单纯衰老或“上火”,而是牙齿酸蚀症(Dental erosion)。牙齿酸蚀症不会像蛀牙那样容易被发现,但却日积月累“溶解”牙齿,从变色到敏感疼痛逐渐加重慧眼智行,发现时往往已侵蚀多年。
很多人疑惑,自己并没有常喝可乐,为何会得酸蚀症?实际上,一些看似无害的饮料,对牙齿的伤害比可乐更严重。
Yellowed, sensitive teeth? Dental erosion — a stealth destroyer of enamel — could be silently at work, fueled not by cola alone but by deceptively harmless daily beverages.
研究发现:
果汁的腐蚀力远超可乐
在一项发表在《PLOS ONE》的研究中,研究人员把牙齿样本分别浸泡在各种常见饮料里,包括、橙汁、苹果汁、可乐等。7天后称重,结果很意外——
柠檬汁让牙釉质(enamel)的质量减少最多,是可乐的4倍、无糖可乐的6倍;、橙汁紧随其后,侵蚀力不俗。
A
PLOS ONEstudy reveals unexpected enamel damage from daily drinks: teeth samples soaked in common beverages showed lemon juice caused four times greater enamel loss than cola — and six times more than diet cola — with apple and orange juices also proving potent erosive agents.
图片来源:丁香医生
另一项研究则模拟口腔环境及唾液冲刷效果,按日常饮用频率测试了不同酸性饮料对牙釉质的侵蚀能力。结果同样发现,柠檬酸(Citric acid)溶液和橙汁对牙釉质侵蚀最大。
其实柠檬汁/柠檬酸伤牙,主要是因为它的以下特性——
酸性极强:pH值在2~3慧眼智行,远低于牙釉质临界值;
螯合作用:柠檬酸会“抓取”钙离子,加速牙齿钙流失;
无保护物质:缺少再矿化因子,无法缓冲酸性;
黏附时间长:黏度更高,附着在牙面不易被清除。
Another study tested acidic drinks' erosive effects on enamel factoring in saliva flow and consumption frequency. Results confirmed lemon juice and orange juice as top enamel destroyers.
多数常见水果含柠檬酸等有机酸(Organic acids),同样伤牙,只是程度较轻。不少家长因认为碳酸饮料伤牙,特意给孩子打果汁,但国内调查显示,每周喝1~3次果汁的儿童,患牙酸蚀症风险是不喝者的3.13倍。
Most fruits containing citric acid pose similar risks at lower intensity. Parents switching children from soda to fruit juice may triple dental erosion risk — domestic data shows juice consumers face 3.13 times higher odds of enamel damage than abstainers.
果汁等饮料常隐藏在 “健康习惯” 中悄悄腐蚀牙齿——
❌早起先喝杯柠檬水,启动身体;
❌上班来杯橙C美式,提神醒脑;
❌奶茶爱点暴打柠檬,清爽低脂;
❌饭后来杯鲜榨果汁,补充维C。
安全≠多喝无害 这些饮料建议少喝
不少人认为不喝柠檬汁、果汁牙齿就安全了,但柠檬酸早已渗入生活:超市里的果味饮料、维生素水、运动饮料、调味茶、碳酸汽水等,配料表中几乎都有柠檬酸(或其化名E330)。
柠檬酸(Citric acid)是常用食品添加剂,能调酸(pH adjustment)、增味(flavor enhancement)、防腐(preservation),安全且成本低,因此被广泛用于饮料。但安全不代表多喝无害,喝太多太频,它就成了 “伤牙钝刀”,前文中提及的腐蚀力较重的非果汁饮料大多含它。
Widely used as a safe, low-cost additive for flavoring and preservation, citric acid dominates beverages despite its insidious threat to enamel. As identified in prior research, most highly erosive non-juice drinks contain this compound — turning frequent consumption into a slow-motion dental hazard.
此外,很多饮料还含大量糖和磷酸(phosphoric-acid)等酸性成分,同样伤牙。研究显示,106种市售饮料中,99种呈酸性,35种pH值在3.0~3.99之间。而牙齿对酸很敏感,pH<5.5,牙齿开始脱矿(Tooth demineralization);pH<3,可能引发重度腐蚀。
Compounding the risk, sugary and phosphoric-acid-laden drinks also assault teeth. Market analysis reveals 99 of 106 commercial beverages tested were acidic, with 35 falling within pH 3.0-3.99 — far surpassing enamel's critical demineralization threshold of pH 5.5 and approaching severe erosion levels at pH<3.
图片来源:丁香设计
为了保持牙齿健康,这份伤牙饮料表和护牙建议表快收好~
编辑:李雪晴
实习生:李然
来源:人民日报 科普中国 丁香医生
China Daily精读计划
每天20分钟,英语全面提升!
诚利和官网提示:文章来自网络,不代表本站观点。